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Newfoundland Research Forest

Newfoundland is a 13,584 square kilometres boreal forest hub site located in Newfoundland, west of St. John's and consists of a significant portion of the west of the province. To gain access to more raw data, please contact Piercey Douglas with Natural Resources Canada or Joelle Berthier, Kim Childs, and Faron Knott with Kruger.

[Click on any image to magnify]

Forest Monitoring
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Site Details

NFLD_DEM30m.jpg
NFLD_Boundary.jpg
NFLD_2020BAP.jpg

Best Available Pixel (2020)

Best Available Pixel (BAP) composites use Landsat scenes to develop cloud-free, surface reflectance pixel-based image composites capable of large-area production. When incorporated in a time series, they generate land cover, land cover change, and forest structural attributes information products in a dynamic, transparent, systematic, repeatable, and spatially exhaustive manner. This figure displays the 2020 BAP composite within the Haliburton hub site in Ontario. The acquisition of all pixels for this BAP composite were within 30 days of the first of August, 2020.

Newfoundland Hub Site Boundary
Newfoundland Digital Elevation Model (DEM) at 30 m resolution
NFLD_DEM250m.jpg
Newfoundland Digital Elevation Model (DEM) at 250 m resolution
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Climate

NFLD - Change in Tmin; 2050, 2090.jpg
NFLD - Change in Tmax; 2050, 2090.jpg

Projections for change in minimum temperature for the years 2050 and 2090 relative to the reference period (1981-2010)

Projections for change in maximum temperature for the years 2050 and 2090 relative to the reference period (1981-2010)

NFLD - Change in PPT; 2050, 2090.jpg

Projections for change in seasonal precipitation for the years 2050 and 2090 relative to the reference period (1981-2010)

NFLD - PPT, Tmax, Tmin - Hist, 2050, 2090.jpg

Climate data for historical (1981-2010) and future (2050 and 2090) projections

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LiDAR Derived Products

NFLD_Slope.jpg
NFLD_DEM1m.jpg
NFLD_Aspect.jpg
Digital Elevation Model (1m)

Description - An interpolation of last returns classified as 'ground' points using TIN.

Pixel Values - Elevation at 1 meter resolution.

Forestry Application - The Digital Elevation Model is important for topographical information, including slope, aspect, and radiation

NFLD_Radiation.jpg
Radiation (1m)

Description - A technique to visualize a shaded relief, illuminating it with a hypothetical light

Pixel Values - Raster containing a numeric value representing the solar-radiation aspect index. Values range from 0 (land oriented in a northern direction resulting in less solar radiation exposure) and 1 (land oriented with southern slopes)

Forestry Application - Land oriented in northerly (values closer to zero) are typically wetter and cooler compared to land oriented in southerly (values closer to one)

NFLD_CHM.jpg
Slope (1m)

Description - Steepness or the degree of incline of a surface based on the DEM model

Pixel Values - Raster containing numeric values representing degrees of incline

Forestry Application - Slope influences tree stability, harvesting solutions, productivity of harvesting and collection means, architecture of the road networks, road characteristics, and solutions related to the reclamation of degraded forested land.

NFLD_ZQ20.jpg
20th Height Percentile (20m)

Description - Height at which 20% of LiDAR returns fall below from 2m above the ground

Pixel Values - Height measurement in meters describing the height at which 20% of LiDAR returns fall below

Forestry Application - Assists in determining the height and distribution of the lower section of the canopy

Appearance (1m)

Description - Orientation of slope, measured clockwise in radians based on the DEM model

Pixel Values - Raster containing a numeric value representing the radians of orientation

Forestry Application - Land oriented in northerly are typically wetter and cooler compared to land oriented in southerly

NFLD_ZQ95.jpg
95th Height Percentile (20m)

Description - Height at which 95% of LiDAR returns fall below from 2m above the ground

Pixel Values - Height measurement in meters describing the height at which 95% of LiDAR returns fall below

Forestry Application - Assists in determining the height and distribution of the lower section of the canopy

NFLD_Zmean.jpg
NFLD_Zstd.jpg
Canopy Height Model (1m)

Description - Based on an interpolation of the height of the top of trees  (using the pitfree algorithm)

Pixel Values - Raster containing a numeric value for the distance between the ground and the top of trees

Forestry Application - Helpful for determining the distribution of canopy coverage

NFLD_Entropy.jpg
Entropy (20m)

Description - Shannon entropy quantifies the diversity and evenness of an elevation distribution of LiDAR points from 2m above the ground

Pixel Values - Entropy results range from 0 to 1. Random data has a Shannon entropy value of 1

Forestry Application - Useful for describing and quantifying species diversity in biological systems.

cCover5m.jpg
Canopy Cover > 2m (20m)

Description - Canopy cover at a height greater than 2 meters

Pixel Values - Ratio from the sum of first returns > 2 meters divided by the total first returns

Forestry Application - Important for determining the area occupied by the vertical projection of tree crowns greater than 2 meters

NFLD_LAIe.jpg
LAIE (20m)

Description - A measurement of the gap fraction through the probability of beam penetration of sunlight through the vegetation.

Pixel Values - Ratio of one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area

Forestry Application - Important growth index for the status of crop populations

Average Height (20m)

Description - Mean height of first returns above 2m from "ground" (last return data)

Pixel Values - Mean height of all point cloud returns greater than 2m above last returns

Forestry Application - Determines the mean height of all objects (trees) that are at least 2m tall

Mean Standard Deviation (20m)

Description - Standard Deviation of height distributions above 2m

Pixel Values - Standard deviation height of all point cloud returns greater than 2m above last returns

Forestry Application - Determines the standard deviation for the height of all objects (trees) that are at least 2m tall

NFLD_Skew.jpg
Skewness (20m)

Description - A measure of the distribution's symmetry from 2m above the ground

Pixel Values - A normal distribution would produce skewness results of zero. Negative values indicate that data is skewed to the left, and positive values indicate that data is skewed to the right.

Forestry Application - Skewness is often used with kurtosis to separate ground points and object points from a LiDAR point cloud. It has a variety of applications, including optimizing the DEM, segmentation and classification, and road extraction.

cCover2m.jpg
Canopy Cover > 5m (20m)

Description - Canopy cover at a height greater than 5 meters

Pixel Values - Ratio from the sum of first returns > 5 meters divided by the total first returns

Forestry Application - Important for determining the area occupied by the vertical projection of tree crowns greater than 5 meters

NFLD_Kurt.jpg
Kurtosis (20m)

Description - The size of the tails of a distribution (likelihood that the distribution will produce outliers) from 2m above the ground

Pixel Values - A normal distribution would produce kurtosis results of 3. Distributions with kurtosis less than 3 are platykurtic (fewer and less extreme outliers) and distributions with kurtosis greater than 3 are laptokurtic (produce more outliers)

Forestry Application - Kurtosis is often used with skewness to separate ground points and object points from a LiDAR point cloud. It has a variety of applications, including optimizing the DEM, segmentation and classification, and road extraction.

cCover15m.jpg
Canopy Cover > 15m (20m)

Description - Canopy cover at a height greater than 15 meters

Pixel Values - Ratio from the sum of first returns > 15 meters divided by the total first returns

Forestry Application - Important for determining the area occupied by the vertical projection of tree crowns greater than 15 meters

NFLD_Rumple.jpg
Rumple (20m)

Description - Crown Surface Roughness from 2m above the ground

Pixel Values - A ratio of canopy outer surface area to ground surface area

Forestry Application - Higher rumple values indicate more vertical and horizontal heterogeneity

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Vector Products

NFLD-Water.jpg
NFLD-ForestInventory.jpg
NFLD-Infrastructure.jpg
NFLD-Buildings.jpg
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